Indonesia

The number Indonesia is judged by

Indonesia lifted an average of 605.3 thousand barrels of oil a day in 2025, exactly the figure set in the state budget (APBN) and 100.05% of target, according to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM). The ministry said it was the first time since 2016 that oil lifting had met its budget target, and the first annual increase after years of decline from 829 thousand barrels a day in 2016 to 580 thousand in 2024. Gas lifting missed its target, at 951.8 thousand barrels of oil equivalent a day against 1,005. Those two numbers, published in ESDM press releases of January 2026 and checked in October 2026, are the starting point for any reading of Indonesia's oil sector.

This page explains what "lifting" means, how far the 2025 figure sits from the government's 2030 goal, where gas goes, how the state collects revenue from production, and what the ministry's own statements say about fuel imports and biodiesel. Every figure is taken from ESDM releases unless stated otherwise; calculations are labelled.

Lifting is not the same as production

Indonesian statistics use "lifting" as the headline measure for oil and gas. In Indonesian usage, lifting generally refers to the volume lifted for sale at the delivery point rather than the volume produced at the wellhead. It can differ from production at the wellhead because of storage, timing of cargo liftings and the treatment of associated liquids.

ESDM's January 2026 release also specified what the 605.3 thousand barrels a day included: crude oil plus natural gas liquids and condensate, including condensate associated with the Donggi Senoro LNG operation (ESDM, 8 January 2026, checked October 2026). That matters for comparisons. A database that reports Indonesian "crude oil" excluding condensate will show a lower figure, and the gap is a definition, not a disagreement.

Year	Oil lifting (thousand b/d)	Against budget target
2016	829	Met target (last time before 2025)
2024	580	Below target
2025	605.3	Met target: 605.3 vs 605.3, 100.05%

Source: ESDM press release No. 001.Pers/04/SJI/2026, 8 January 2026, checked October 2026. ESDM did not publish the intermediate years in that release, so they are not filled in here.

How far is 1 million barrels a day?

The same release restated the government's aim of raising oil lifting gradually to 1 million barrels a day by 2030. The arithmetic of that goal is worth doing explicitly.

• Starting point: 605.3 thousand barrels a day in 2025.
• Gap: 1,000 minus 605.3 is 394.7 thousand barrels a day.
• As a straight line: about 79 thousand barrels a day of net additions every year from 2026 to 2030.
• As a compound rate: 1,000 divided by 605.3 is about 1.652; the fifth root of 1.652 is about 1.106, so lifting would need to grow about 10.6% a year for five years.

For context, the 2025 increase was about 4.4% (from 580 to 605.3). Reaching the 2030 goal would require roughly two and a half times that rate, every year, while also offsetting natural decline in older fields. ESDM listed the measures it is relying on: faster permitting for contractors, offering 61 new working areas, enhanced oil recovery and horizontal well stimulation, and simplifying upstream regulation. The page does not judge whether the goal will be met. It notes that the target implies a growth rate Indonesia has not recorded in the period covered by these releases.

Gas: below target, mostly for home use

Gas lifting averaged 951.8 thousand barrels of oil equivalent a day in 2025, or about 94.7% of the 1,005 target, according to ESDM's year-end summary (ESDM, 9 January 2026, checked October 2026). The same release gave the split of gas supply in energy units:

Destination	BBTUD	Share
Domestic use	3,908	69%
Export	1,691	31%
Total	about 5,600	100%

BBTUD is billion British thermal units per day. ESDM said domestic gas demand in 2025 was met entirely from domestic production, with no imports. The 69 to 31 split is the clearest available statement of Indonesia's position: it remains a gas exporter, mainly as LNG, but most of its gas now stays at home for power, industry and fertiliser.

New gas in 2026

In October 2026 the ministry inaugurated two gas developments offshore East Kalimantan in the Kutai Basin (ESDM, 22 October 2026, checked October 2026):

• Jangkrik North East 6 (JNE#6): a side-tracked well whose output rose from about 10 to 56 million standard cubic feet a day from 9 October 2026, adding an estimated 100 billion cubic feet of gas in place. The minister cited a 60 MMSCFD addition; the release does not reconcile the two figures.
• Maha field: a production facility costing about US$891 million, adding about 230 MMSCFD.
• Together: about 290 MMSCFD of new supply, with the operators' combined output expected to reach about 750 MMSCFD by 1 November 2026, from 450.

The release also cited a Kutai Basin resource estimate of about 5 trillion cubic feet of gas and 300 million barrels of condensate, based on a 3D and 4D seismic survey of about 12,000 square kilometres.

Abadi LNG at Masela

The largest planned gas project in the ministry's releases is the Abadi LNG development in the Masela block. ESDM announced in August 2025 that front-end engineering and design had started, with a planned capacity of 9.5 million tonnes of LNG a year, 150 MMSCFD of pipeline gas, about 35,000 barrels a day of condensate, an investment of US$20.94 billion, and a target start of production in 2029 (ESDM, 28 August 2025, checked October 2026). A FEED start is an early stage; the final investment decision and construction come later, and the 2029 date should be read as a target. Our page on LNG export dynamics explains how projects of this size move from design to first cargo.

Working areas and contract terms

Indonesian upstream acreage is awarded as working areas (wilayah kerja, WK) under production sharing contracts. A September 2025 award shows the scale and terms of a typical direct offer (ESDM, 12 September 2025, checked October 2026):

Item	WK Perkasa (awarded)	WK Gagah (offered)
Location	Offshore East Java	South Sumatra
Winner	TIS Petroleum (Asia) Pte Ltd	Not yet awarded
Contract type	Not stated in release	Production sharing with cost recovery
Signature bonus	US$300,000	Minimum US$300,000
Firm commitment, first 3 years	US$2.25 million: studies plus 3D seismic over 200 km²	Studies plus 3D seismic over 100 km²
Estimated resources	About 228 million barrels of oil or 1.3 Tcf of gas	About 173 million barrels of oil or 1.1 Tcf

Two points stand out. The commitments are small relative to the resource estimates, because they cover only the first exploration phase. And the "or" in the resource line matters: the estimate is either oil or gas, not both, and an unexplored estimate is not a reserve. Readers comparing such figures with booked reserves elsewhere should treat them as exploration targets.

The oil and gas law under revision

In October 2026 the minister said the government's list of issues (DIM) for a revised oil and gas bill (RUU Migas) was 80% to 90% complete, and that the bill provides for a special business entity (Badan Usaha Khusus) in the upstream sector, with details left to government and presidential regulations (ESDM, 16 October 2026, checked October 2026). The release does not give a timetable, and the legislative process continues in parliament. Until a law is passed, existing contracts and the current regulator continue to operate.

Money: state revenue and the ICP price

Non-tax revenue

The state takes its share of oil and gas largely as non-tax revenue (PNBP). For 2025, ESDM reported:

Item	Amount	Against target
Oil and gas natural-resource PNBP (recorded via Ministry of Finance)	Rp105.04 trillion	83.7% of Rp125.46 trillion
Total PNBP recorded by ESDM	Rp138.37 trillion	Above Rp127.44 trillion target
Total energy-sector investment	US$31.7 billion	of which oil and gas US$18 billion

Sources: ESDM, 9 January 2026, PNBP release and ESDM year-end summary, both checked October 2026.

The oil and gas line fell short even though oil lifting hit its target. Revenue depends on price as well as volume, and on gas as well as oil, so a missed gas target or weaker prices would each push it down. ESDM's release does not break the shortfall into those parts, so this page does not either.

The Indonesian Crude Price (ICP)

The ICP is the government's monthly reference price for Indonesian crude, set by ministerial decree. In March 2026 it was set at US$102.26 a barrel, up from US$68.79 in February, a rise of US$33.47 (ESDM, ICP March 2026, checked October 2026). The ministry compared it with international benchmarks over the same months:

Benchmark	February 2026	March 2026	Change
ICP	68.79	102.26	+33.47
Brent (ICE)	69.37	99.60	+30.23
Dated Brent	71.15	103.89	+32.73

US$ per barrel. The ministry attributed the rise to the conflict involving the United States, Israel and Iran, the temporary halt of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, and attacks on Middle East energy facilities. The table shows the ICP following physical Brent closely.

Adding an earlier pair of months from the same ministry series shows how stable that relationship is (ESDM, ICP August 2025, checked October 2026):

Month	ICP	Dated Brent	ICP minus Dated Brent
July 2025	68.59	70.99	-2.40
August 2025	66.07	68.21	-2.14
February 2026	68.79	71.15	-2.36
March 2026	102.26	103.89	-1.63

US$ per barrel; the difference column is a PetroEyes calculation. In each of these four months the ICP sat between about US$1.60 and US$2.40 below Dated Brent, and the gap narrowed slightly in March 2026 as the whole market jumped. A practical rule follows for readers of Indonesian budget news: an ICP assumption can be cross-checked against the Dated Brent outlook minus a couple of dollars. The rule is an observation from four months of data, not a published formula. In August 2025 the ministry linked the lower price to rising US and OPEC+ output, weaker summer demand, and concerns about the global economy. For how those benchmarks are built, see our WTI vs Brent spread explainer.

Fuel supply, imports and biodiesel

Indonesia consumes more oil than it produces. ESDM's April 2026 release on supply during the Middle East conflict stated that domestic supply is limited and below national consumption, and reported talks with Russia on crude, fuel and storage investment (ESDM, 17 April 2026, checked October 2026). The release did not give import volumes, so this page does not state Indonesia's import level.

One policy line the ministry does quantify is biodiesel blending. Under the B40 programme, which blends 40% biodiesel from palm oil into diesel, ESDM reported for 2025:

• Domestic biodiesel use of 14.2 million kilolitres, 105.2% of the 13.5 million kilolitre target.
• A reduction in diesel imports of 3.3 million kilolitres.
• Foreign exchange savings of Rp130.21 trillion.

A worked conversion puts those volumes in oil-market units. One kilolitre is one cubic metre, or about 6.29 barrels. So 14.2 million kilolitres a year is about 89.3 million barrels, or roughly 245,000 barrels a day; the 3.3 million kilolitres of avoided diesel imports is about 20.8 million barrels, or roughly 57,000 barrels a day. The biodiesel volume is about 40% of the size of the country's 2025 oil lifting in barrel terms, although the two are different products and the comparison is only one of scale. For the diesel market that biodiesel displaces, see our diesel prices explainer.

Fuel stocks measured in days

Because Indonesia relies on imported crude and fuel, the government reports fuel security as days of stock. On 16 October 2026 the minister said national fuel stocks, as reported by Pertamina, stood at 16 to 18 days, and that stocks of RON 90 gasoline were below 20 days because drivers had shifted from higher-octane grades to RON 90; he expected RON 90 cover to return to 20 days within about a week (ESDM, 16 October 2026, checked October 2026). Days of cover depend on both the stock and the rate of sale, so a switch between grades can lower cover for one product without any change in total fuel held. The same logic underlies the days-of-supply figures in the US weekly data explained in our guide to the EIA weekly petroleum status report.

Five common misreadings

1. Comparing lifting with another country's "crude production". Indonesian lifting includes condensate and NGL. Compare like with like.
2. Reading a met target as growth. The 2025 target was set at 605.3 thousand barrels a day, close to the prior level. Meeting it means the decline stopped, not that output surged.
3. Treating resource estimates as reserves. Working-area figures such as 228 million barrels "or" 1.3 Tcf are exploration estimates for one of two fluids.
4. Assuming higher oil prices mean higher revenue for consumers' benefit. Indonesia both produces and imports oil, so a price spike raises state oil revenue and the cost of imported fuel at the same time.
5. Reading project dates as start-up dates. FEED starts and inaugurations are milestones; first production can come later, and expected volumes such as the 750 MMSCFD in Kutai are operator expectations.

Limits of this page

The figures here come from ministry press releases rather than a full statistical dataset, because the upstream regulator's site could not be reached for this review and ESDM's releases do not publish annual series in one table. That leaves gaps: there is no year-by-year lifting series between 2016 and 2024, no import volumes, and no refinery throughput figure. Earlier versions of this page made claims about OPEC membership dates, specific fields, refinery projects, geothermal leadership and carbon capture that could not be traced to a primary source in this review, and those have been removed. For a regional comparison built from fuller national tables, see the Thailand country page and the Malaysia country page, and for output across producers, the world oil production map.

Frequently asked questions

How much oil does Indonesia produce?

ESDM reported oil lifting of 605.3 thousand barrels a day in 2025, including natural gas liquids and condensate. That met the state budget target for the first time since 2016, after a fall to 580 thousand barrels a day in 2024.

Is Indonesia still an oil exporter?

Not on a net basis for oil. ESDM stated in April 2026 that domestic oil supply is below national consumption. Indonesia does remain a gas exporter: 31% of its gas supply was exported in 2025.

What is the ICP?

The Indonesian Crude Price, a monthly reference price for Indonesian crude set by ministerial decree. It was US$102.26 a barrel in March 2026, up from US$68.79 in February, tracking the rise in Brent.

Can Indonesia reach 1 million barrels a day by 2030?

That is the government's stated goal. From 605.3 thousand barrels a day in 2025, it requires growth of about 10.6% a year for five years, compared with about 4.4% in 2025. Whether it is reached depends on exploration results, field recovery projects and investment, none of which this page forecasts.

What does B40 mean?

B40 is the national mandate to blend 40% biodiesel, made from palm oil, into diesel fuel. ESDM reported 14.2 million kilolitres of biodiesel use in 2025, which it said reduced diesel imports by 3.3 million kilolitres.

Sources

• Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) press releases at esdm.go.id: oil lifting 2025 (8 January 2026); 2025 sector results (9 January 2026); PNBP 2025 (9 January 2026); Perkasa and Gagah working areas (12 September 2025); Abadi LNG FEED (28 August 2025); ICP March 2026; supply during the Middle East conflict (17 April 2026); RUU Migas (16 October 2026); JNE#6 and Maha (22 October 2026). All checked October 2026.
• Unit conversions (6.29 barrels per cubic metre) and growth-rate calculations are PetroEyes calculations from those figures.